Motors are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. It uses energized coils (that is, stator windings) to generate a rotating magnetic field and act on the rotor squirrel-cage closed aluminum frame to form a magneto-electric power rotating torque. Motors are divided into DC motors and AC motors according to different power sources. Most of the motors in the power system are AC motors, which can be synchronous motors or asynchronous motors (the motor stator magnetic field speed and the rotor rotation speed do not maintain synchronous speed). The motor is mainly composed of a stator and a rotor. The direction of the force movement of the energized wire in the magnetic field is related to the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic line of induction (the direction of the magnetic field). The working principle of the motor is the action of the magnetic field on the force of the current, which makes the motor rotate. basic introduction An electric motor is a rotary electric machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It mainly includes an electromagnet winding or distributed stator winding to generate a magnetic field and a rotating armature or rotor. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding, a current flows through the squirrel-cage aluminum frame of the armature and is rotated by the action of the magnetic field. Some types of these machines can be used as motors or generators. It is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Usually the work part of the motor makes rotary motion, this kind of motor is called rotor motor; there are also linear motions, called linear motor. basic structure 1. The structure of a three-phase asynchronous motor consists of a stator, a rotor and other accessories. (1) Stator (stationary part) 1. The stator core Function: A part of the magnetic circuit of the motor, and the stator winding is placed on it. Structure: The stator core is generally punched and laminated from silicon steel sheets with an insulating layer on the surface of 0.35 to 0.5 mm thick. The inner circle of the core is punched with evenly distributed slots to embed the stator windings. The stator core slot types are as follows: Semi-closed slot: The efficiency and power factor of the motor are higher, but the winding wire embedding and insulation are more difficult. Generally used in small low-voltage motors. Semi-open slot: can be inserted into the shaped winding, generally used for large and medium-sized low-voltage motors. The so-called shaped winding means that the winding can be insulated beforehand and then put into the slot. Open slot: It is used to insert and place the shaped windings, and the insulation method is convenient. It is mainly used in high-voltage motors. 2. Stator winding Function: It is the circuit part of the motor, which is connected to three-phase alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field. Structure: It is composed of three identical windings that are spaced apart by 120° in electrical angle and arranged in a team. Each coil of these windings is embedded in each slot of the stator according to a certain rule. The main insulation items of the stator winding are as follows: (guarantee reliable insulation between the conductive parts of the winding and the iron core and reliable insulation between the winding itself). (1) Ground insulation: the insulation between the stator winding and the stator core. (2) Insulation between phases: insulation between stator windings of each phase. (3) Turn-to-turn insulation: the insulation between turns of each phase stator winding. Wiring in the motor junction box: There is a wiring board in the motor junction box, the six wires of the three-phase winding are arranged in two rows up and down, and it is stipulated that the three wiring posts in the upper row are numbered 1 (U1), 2 (V1), and 3 from left to right. (W1), the three wiring posts in the bottom row are numbered 6(W2), 4(U2), 5(V2) arranged from left to right. Connect the three-phase windings into star connection or delta connection. All manufacturing and maintenance should be arranged according to this serial number. 3. Base Function: Fix the stator core and the front and rear end covers to support the rotor, and play the role of protection and heat dissipation. Structure: The frame is usually cast iron, the frame of the large asynchronous motor is generally welded with steel plate, and the frame of the micro motor is made of cast aluminum. There are radiating ribs on the outside of the frame of the enclosed motor to increase the heat dissipation area, and the end caps of the two ends of the frame of the protective motor are provided with ventilation holes, so that the air inside and outside the motor can directly convection to facilitate heat dissipation.